FOIL Calculator

FOIL Calculator

Expand binomial products (ax+b)(cx+d) using the FOIL method. First, Outer, Inner, Last—perfect for mastering polynomial expansion.

Last updated: May 2026 | By Patchworkr Team

Enter coefficients for: (ax + b)(cx + d)

Binomial Expansion Examples

BinomialsExpanded
(x + 2)(x + 3)x² + 5x + 6
(2x - 1)(x + 4)2x² + 7x - 4
(x - 3)(x - 5)x² - 8x + 15
(3x + 2)(2x + 5)6x² + 19x + 10
(x + 1)(x + 1)x² + 2x + 1

What is the FOIL Method?

FOIL is a mnemonic for multiplying two binomials: First, Outer, Inner, Last. It stands for the four multiplication steps needed to expand $(ax+b)(cx+d)$ correctly. This method prevents missing or duplicating terms and creates a memorable structure for mental calculation.

FOIL is fundamental in algebra and appears everywhere: solving quadratic equations, graphing parabolas, polynomial manipulation, and modeling phenomena. Understanding FOIL deeply builds intuition for the distributive property and prepares you for binomial theorem, partial fractions, and polynomial division.

The FOIL Steps

For (ax + b)(cx + d):

First: ax × cx = acx²
Outer: ax × d = adx
Inner: b × cx = bcx
Last: b × d = bd
Combine: acx² + (ad+bc)x + bd

Worked Example: (3x+2)(2x+5)

First:
3x × 2x = 6x²
Outer:
3x × 5 = 15x
Inner:
2 × 2x = 4x
Last:
2 × 5 = 10
Combine:
6x² + (15x + 4x) + 10 = 6x² + 19x + 10

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is FOIL named that way?

It's a mnemonic: First, Outer, Inner, Last—the order you multiply binomial terms.

Does FOIL work for all binomials?

Yes, for any two binomials of any degree or complexity, though the notation may change.

What if some coefficients are zero?

FOIL still works—those terms simply become zero and vanish in the final result.

Can I use FOIL for three binomials?

Apply FOIL to two, then FOIL the result with the third. Repeat as needed.

Is FOIL the same as distributive property?

FOIL is a special application of the distributive property specifically for binomials.

When should I NOT use FOIL?

When multiplying trinomials or higher, use the distributive property directly or long multiplication.

How does FOIL relate to factoring?

Factoring is the reverse: find binomials whose FOIL expansion gives your polynomial.

Is there a pattern for perfect squares?

Yes: $(ax+b)² = a²x² + 2abx + b²$. This is a special FOIL case.

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