Arithmetic Sequence Calculator

Arithmetic Sequence Calculator

Find the nth term and the sum of an arithmetic progression. Calculate sequence values for any arithmetic series.

2026-05-12T10:30:55.135Z

nth Term (aₙ)

32

Sum of n Terms (Sₙ)

185

Enter valid numeric values for a₁, d, and positive integer n

What is an Arithmetic Sequence?

An arithmetic sequence (or arithmetic progression) is a sequence of numbers in which the difference between consecutive terms is always the same. This constant difference is called the "common difference" and is denoted by d.

For example, the sequence 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 is arithmetic with a₁ = 2 and d = 2. Each term is obtained by adding d to the previous term. Arithmetic sequences are fundamental in mathematics and appear in many real-world contexts, from calculating loan payments to predicting population growth.

The common difference can be positive (increasing sequence), negative (decreasing sequence), or zero (constant sequence). Arithmetic sequences have beautiful mathematical properties that allow us to efficiently calculate any term or the sum of multiple terms without computing all intermediate values.

Sequence Formulas

nth Term Formula

aₙ = a₁ + (n - 1)d

Finds any term in the sequence directly without calculating previous terms.

Sum Formula

Sₙ = (n/2)(a₁ + aₙ)

Calculates the sum of the first n terms efficiently.

Example Calculation

Find the 10th term and sum of the sequence: 5, 8, 11, 14...

Step 1: Identify the known values
a₁ = 5 (first term)
d = 3 (common difference: 8 - 5 = 3)
n = 10 (we want the 10th term)

Step 2: Calculate the 10th term using aₙ = a₁ + (n - 1)d
a₁₀ = 5 + (10 - 1) × 3
a₁₀ = 5 + 27 = 32

Step 3: Calculate the sum using Sₙ = (n/2)(a₁ + aₙ)
S₁₀ = (10/2)(5 + 32)
S₁₀ = 5 × 37 = 185

Answer: The 10th term is 32, and the sum of the first 10 terms is 185.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can the common difference be negative?

Yes. If d is negative, the sequence decreases. For example, 10, 7, 4, 1... has d = -3.

What is the difference between a sequence and a series?

A sequence is a list of ordered numbers. A series is the sum of those numbers.

How do I find d if I only have two terms?

Use d = (aₘ - aₙ) / (m - n), where aₘ and aₙ are the m-th and n-th terms respectively.

Is there an alternative sum formula?

Yes: Sₙ = (n/2)[2a₁ + (n-1)d]. Both versions give identical results.

What happens if d = 0?

All terms are the same (constant sequence). The nth term equals a₁, and the sum is n × a₁.

How do I find a specific term without finding all previous terms?

Use the nth term formula aₙ = a₁ + (n - 1)d directly. This is one major advantage of arithmetic sequences.

Can n be a fraction or negative number?

Typically, n is a positive integer representing term position. Fractions or negatives don't have standard interpretations.

What are practical applications of arithmetic sequences?

Loan payments, savings plans, depreciation schedules, temperature changes, and any linear growth/decay pattern.

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