Earth Orbit Calculator

Earth Orbit Calculator

Calculate orbital velocity and period for a satellite at a given altitude above a planet.

Orbital Velocity
7.672 km/s
Orbital Period
92.42 min
(1.54 hours)

What is Orbital Mechanics?

Orbital mechanics or astrodynamics is the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to the practical problems concerning the motion of rockets and other spacecraft.

A circular orbit is achieved when a satellite's forward velocity is perfectly balanced by the planet's gravitational pull, causing it to "fall" around the planet continuously.

The Physics of Circular Orbits

Orbital Velocity Formula

v = √(GM / r)

Orbital Period Formula

T = 2π√(r³ / GM)
  • G = Gravitational Constant (6.674×10⁻¹¹ m³/kg·s²)
  • M = Mass of the planet (kg)
  • r = Distance from center of planet (Radius + Altitude)
  • v = Velocity required for circular orbit

FAQ

What is LEO?

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) typically ranges from 160 km to 2,000 km. The International Space Station orbits at approximately 400 km.

What is Geostationary Orbit?

A geostationary orbit (GEO) is a circular orbit 35,786 km above Earth's equator. At this altitude, the orbital period matches Earth's rotation (24 hours).

Related Tools